Chapter 11: Adolescence
Important changes occur during adolescence. Teens grow physically, psychologically, socially, intellectually, and morally.
Chapter 11 Objectives:
Describe the physical changes of adolescence.
Discuss the differences in rates of maturation & their effects.
Describe the eating disorders bulimia and anorexia nervosa.
Describe the importance of conformity and groups.
Discuss Erikson's definitions of identity and identity confusion.
Describe Marcia's four states of identity.
Explain the connection between formal operational thinking and postconventional moral reasoning.
Describe the extent of agreement and sources of conflict between parents and adolescents.
Discuss the factors associated with juvenile delinquency.
Describe the physical changes of adolescence.
Discuss the differences in rates of maturation & their effects.
Describe the eating disorders bulimia and anorexia nervosa.
Describe the importance of conformity and groups.
Discuss Erikson's definitions of identity and identity confusion.
Describe Marcia's four states of identity.
Explain the connection between formal operational thinking and postconventional moral reasoning.
Describe the extent of agreement and sources of conflict between parents and adolescents.
Discuss the factors associated with juvenile delinquency.
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Adolescence
Period of development between childhood & adulthood
Puberty
Time of sexual maturity
Hormones
Chemical regulators that control bodily processes such as emotional responses, growth, & sexuality
Pituitary gland
Master gland; activates other glands & controls the growth hormone
Adrenal gland
Glands that cause excitement in order to prepare the body for an emergency or for some important activity
Gonads
Sex glands
Growth spurt
Rapid increase in growth during puberty
Early maturer
Someone whose physical development is one & one-half years or more ahead of average development
Late maturer
Someone whose physical development is one & one-half years or more behind average development
Eating disorders
Conditions in which a person cannot read the body’s nutritional signals & eats or refuses to eat for the wrong reasons
Bulimia nervosa
Binging on food & purging by vomiting or using laxatives
Anorexia nervosa
Severe loss of weight from excessive dieting
Rite of passage
Socially recognized & ritualized change in status, such as the passage to adulthood
Crowds
Large groups with loose rules & changeable memberships
Clique
Very tightly knit group with limited membership & strict rules of behavior; normally tied to school activities
Gang
Rebellious, antisocial group with strict rules; not connected with accepted school or social organizations
Group identity verses alienation
Erikson’s idea that early adolescents either belong to a group or feel lost
Identity
Sense of oneself as a unique person
Identity confusion
Erikson’s term for uncertainty about who one is & where one is going
Moratorium
(Erikson & Marcia) Adolescent’s delay in making the commitments normally expected of adults
Fidelity
(Erikson) Faithfulness to one’s ideals & values; loyalty
Foreclosure
(Marcia) Adolescent accepts the identity & values given in childhood
Negative identity
(Marcia) Identity that results from defining oneself as bad or as a troublemaker
Diffusion
(Marcia) Adolescent has no clear idea of their identity & is not attempting to find it
Identity achievement
(Marcia) Adolescent has developed well-defined personal values & self-concepts
Formal operations
(Piaget) Ability to reason in abstract ways & use complex thought processes
Postconventional level
(Kohlberg) Last stage of development; personal ethics & human rights come into play
Social contracts
(Kohlberg) Agreements based on what is best for everyone
Universal ethical principles
(Kohlberg) Concepts such as honor & justice
Juvenile delinquency
Repeated violations of the law by those aged 17 or younger
Period of development between childhood & adulthood
Puberty
Time of sexual maturity
Hormones
Chemical regulators that control bodily processes such as emotional responses, growth, & sexuality
Pituitary gland
Master gland; activates other glands & controls the growth hormone
Adrenal gland
Glands that cause excitement in order to prepare the body for an emergency or for some important activity
Gonads
Sex glands
Growth spurt
Rapid increase in growth during puberty
Early maturer
Someone whose physical development is one & one-half years or more ahead of average development
Late maturer
Someone whose physical development is one & one-half years or more behind average development
Eating disorders
Conditions in which a person cannot read the body’s nutritional signals & eats or refuses to eat for the wrong reasons
Bulimia nervosa
Binging on food & purging by vomiting or using laxatives
Anorexia nervosa
Severe loss of weight from excessive dieting
Rite of passage
Socially recognized & ritualized change in status, such as the passage to adulthood
Crowds
Large groups with loose rules & changeable memberships
Clique
Very tightly knit group with limited membership & strict rules of behavior; normally tied to school activities
Gang
Rebellious, antisocial group with strict rules; not connected with accepted school or social organizations
Group identity verses alienation
Erikson’s idea that early adolescents either belong to a group or feel lost
Identity
Sense of oneself as a unique person
Identity confusion
Erikson’s term for uncertainty about who one is & where one is going
Moratorium
(Erikson & Marcia) Adolescent’s delay in making the commitments normally expected of adults
Fidelity
(Erikson) Faithfulness to one’s ideals & values; loyalty
Foreclosure
(Marcia) Adolescent accepts the identity & values given in childhood
Negative identity
(Marcia) Identity that results from defining oneself as bad or as a troublemaker
Diffusion
(Marcia) Adolescent has no clear idea of their identity & is not attempting to find it
Identity achievement
(Marcia) Adolescent has developed well-defined personal values & self-concepts
Formal operations
(Piaget) Ability to reason in abstract ways & use complex thought processes
Postconventional level
(Kohlberg) Last stage of development; personal ethics & human rights come into play
Social contracts
(Kohlberg) Agreements based on what is best for everyone
Universal ethical principles
(Kohlberg) Concepts such as honor & justice
Juvenile delinquency
Repeated violations of the law by those aged 17 or younger